Gemma 3 12B vs GPT-5.2

Gemma 3 12B

Google DeepMind

Gemma 3 12B is a 12-billion-parameter open-weight model from Google DeepMind, released in March 2025 as part of the Gemma 3 series designed to bring multimodal reasoning to accessible hardware. The model supports both text and image inputs across a 128K token context window, extending the vision capabilities that defined the Gemma 3 generation compared to earlier text-only Gemma releases. It became widely adopted for domain-specific fine-tuning in research and enterprise settings where full multimodal capability was needed without the infrastructure demands of larger frontier models.

GPT-5.2

OpenAI

GPT-5.2, released by OpenAI on December 11, 2025, is a large language model from the GPT-5 family that improves on GPT-5 in general intelligence, long-context understanding, agentic tool-calling, and vision. It features a 400K token context window, 128K maximum output tokens, and a knowledge cutoff of August 2025. GPT-5.2 targets long-context coding tasks, extended document analysis, and complex agentic workflows requiring reliable instruction following.